Muscat – The law aims to set comprehensive guidelines for the transfer, preservation, and transplantation of human organs and tissues while ensuring strict measures to prevent trafficking and exploitation in these sensitive areas.

One of the most prominent aspects of the new legislation is the introduction of a special honour for organ donors. Under the law, organ donors will be awarded a prestigious medal, with the exact design, rules, and benefits to be outlined in a future Royal Decree. This honour also extends posthumously; in cases of organ donation from deceased persons, the medal will be granted in the name of the deceased and presented to their next of kin or spouse. The law’s intent is to recognize the altruism of organ donors while emphasizing the critical role they play in saving lives.

The law, structured into five chapters with a total of 36 articles, lays down clear procedures for both living and deceased organ donations. It includes provisions that safeguard the rights of both donors and recipients, and sets up a National Committee for Regulating the Transplantation and Transfer of Human Organs and Tissues within the Ministry of Health. This body will oversee policies, licensing, training, and the promotion of awareness around organ donation.

A key feature of the law is its stand on the ethics of organ donation and transplantation. Article 7 explicitly prohibits the sale or purchase of organs and human tissues, as well as the receipt of any compensation for them. This measure aims to curb the illegal trade in human organs and protect vulnerable individuals from exploitation. It also outlines severe penalties for those who violate these rules, including imprisonment and hefty fines.

The law establishes stringent conditions for the donation of organs from living individuals. For example, living donors must give their consent freely and in writing, and there must be a valid kinship or marriage connection with the recipient, or, in urgent cases, non-relative donations can be permitted with special approval.

Moreover, the law makes clear that the sale or coercion of organ donation, particularly from children or incapacitated individuals, is strictly prohibited. Any attempt to violate these rules will be met with severe legal consequences, including long-term imprisonment and high fines.

The law also stresses the importance of medical institutions being properly licensed to perform organ transplantation. Transplants can only take place in these accredited institutions, and both the facility and practitioners must meet rigorous standards as set by the National Committee. A key component is the establishment of ethics and medical committees within these institutions to ensure that every procedure adheres to ethical standards and scientific principles.

The law enforces strict administrative penalties for violations. Offenders, particularly medical professionals or institutions, can face sentences ranging from five to ten years of imprisonment, alongside fines reaching up to RO 100,000 in severe cases, such as when the actions result in the death of a donor or recipient.

In addition, those who engage in fraudulent activities or violate the integrity of the donation process face even more severe punishment, including life imprisonment. Legal entities found complicit in such violations may also be fined up to five million riyals and have their operations suspended or permanently closed.

The law also provides incentives for those who report criminal activity or attempt to prevent the completion of illegal actions before they occur. If a perpetrator informs authorities about an impending crime, they may be exempt from penalties, offering an avenue to reduce crime in this sensitive sector.