Muscat: The ministry warned that vulnerable groups, including the elderly, young children, outdoor workers and pilgrims, face a higher risk of heat-related health complications during the summer months.

Dr. Shamsa bint Ahmed Al Harthi, Head of the School and University Health Department at the Ministry of Health, said that people aged 65 and above, infants and children under four years old, workers exposed to direct sunlight, employees in poorly ventilated and non-air-conditioned environments, as well as Hajj and Umrah pilgrims, are among those most vulnerable to heat stress and sunstroke.

She explained that symptoms requiring immediate medical attention include excessive sweating, fatigue, headaches, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, extreme thirst, muscle cramps, rapid heartbeat and a rise in body temperature ranging between 38°C and 39.5°C. Other warning signs include hot, red skin or pale, cold and clammy skin.

To prevent heat-related illnesses, Dr. Al Harthi stressed the importance of staying hydrated by drinking water regularly throughout the day. Individuals exposed to hot conditions are advised to consume between two and four cups of water every hour, while avoiding caffeinated and sugary beverages. Replenishing lost salts during strenuous physical activity is also recommended.

The ministry further advised the public to avoid strenuous outdoor activities between 10am and 4pm, take regular breaks in shaded or air-conditioned areas, wear loose and light-coloured clothing, use hats, sunglasses and sunscreen, and remain indoors during peak heat hours whenever possible. Residents were also encouraged to keep windows and curtains closed during the day to reduce indoor heat.

According to the ministry, men in air-conditioned environments should consume between 3.5 and 4 litres of fluids daily, while women should drink between 2.5 and 3 litres. Those working or exercising in direct heat are advised to drink one to two cups of water every 15 to 20 minutes.

Dr. Al Harthi highlighted the need for special care for children, the elderly and individuals with chronic illnesses during heatwaves. Children should be given fluids frequently and kept away from direct sunlight, while older adults should be monitored closely and encouraged to drink water even if they do not feel thirsty. Patients with chronic diseases were advised to consult their doctors regarding possible medication adjustments and ensure medicines are stored at recommended temperatures.

For outdoor workers, the ministry recommended wearing protective clothing, maintaining regular hydration, avoiding carbonated drinks and caffeine, and immediately reporting any symptoms of heat stress. Employers were also urged to strengthen workplace safety measures by training workers to recognise heat-related symptoms, monitoring temperature and humidity levels, and implementing emergency response plans.

In cases of suspected heatstroke, Dr. Al Harthi advised moving the affected person immediately to a shaded or air-conditioned area, laying them down with their feet slightly elevated, removing excess clothing and cooling the body using cold water, wet cloths and cold compresses applied to the neck, armpits and thighs while waiting for emergency medical assistance.